African American History Calendar

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September 20, 1830 - First National Convention for Free Men agrees to boycott slave-produced goods.

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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2935.html

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1830 - 1864

It started with a question. A question asked by a sixteen-year-old free black named Hezekiel Grice. Grice, troubled by "the hopelessness of contending against oppression in the United States," wondered if blacks should be encouraged to emigrate, en mass, to Canada. Such a question, he thought, should be carefully considered, so he proposed that a convention be held where the matter could be discussed. He wrote to several black leaders, who approved of the proposal, and on September 15, 1830, the ten-day National Negro Convention began in Philadelphia.

Forty blacks from nine states attended the meeting, including Bishop Richard Allen. From the meeting emerged a new organization, the "American Society of Free5 People of Colour for improving their condition in the United States; for purchasing lands; and for the establishment of a settlement in the Province of Canada," of which Allen was named president. As can be gleened from the society's descriptive title, the answer to Grice's original question was not clear cut. Yes, moving to Canada was encouraged, especially for blacks with children, but the society also acknowledged the need to improve the lives of those who remained in the U.S.

This first meeting of the National Negro Convention would initiate a trend that would continue for the next three decades. The formation of another organization had been recommended -- one which would be called the "American Society of Free Persons of Labor." This group would branch out to several states and hold their own conventions. These, in turn, would lead to the formation of other organizations. The number of conventions, held at local, state, and national levels, blossomed to such a level that, in 1859, one paper would report that "colored conventions are almost as frequent as churchmeetings."

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September 21, 1815 - General Andrew Jackson honors courage of Black troops who fought in Battle of New Orleans.

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November 23, 1897 - A.J. Beard patents the "Jenny Coupler", still in use

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September 22, 1862 - Emancipation Proclamation announced.

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1814 - African American platoon held position in Battle of New Orleans.

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September 24, 1957 - Federal troops enforce court-ordered integration as nine children integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Ark.

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http://www.blackpast.org/?q=1787-jupiter-hammon-address-negroes-state-new-york

Long Island-born Jupiter Hammon is believed to be the first published male African American poet and essayist. His “Evening Thought, Salvation by Christ, with Penitential Cries,” was published in 1760. His first essay, “Winter Piece,” appeared in 1782. The speech below by Hammond is also thought to be the first oration by an African American that would later be published. Here he addresses the African Americans of his state, listing what he believes will be the virtues that will win them the support of the surrounding white population.